Jun 12, 2017 dental pulp is a highly vascularized, innervated, unmineralized connective tissue that occupies a chamber and long canal in the center of a semipermeable tissue structure constituted of dentin. The dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue characterized by the presence of odontoblasts and by the fact that it is surrounded by a rigid mineralized tissue 1. Pdf extracellular matrix of dental pulp stem cells. Implantation of dental pulp stem cells in a biodegradable scaffold for dental pulp tissue engineering by alexandra jaquery, dds a dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in restorative dentistry at the university of. Fibrin appeared most suitable to enable generation of a pulplike tissue and differentiation of cells into odontoblasts at the celldentin interface. Tissue engineering approaches for enamel, dentin, and pulp. Introduction the tooth is an organ, which is as important as other skeletal tissues such as, bone and cartilage.
However, the complete ramifications of such developments to dentistry are far from being understood. Current advance and future prospects of tissue engineering. Dental pulp tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem cells. The application of tissue engineering to regeneration of pulp. Dental tissue cells with dental tissue cells with muscle tissue formation impart ecm architecture tooth eruption remodeling alter ecm architecture disease processes contracture healing wound closure tissue engineering contraction of scaffolds findings to date enamel, dentin, cementum, and pulp derivedderived. Biomaterials for oral and dental tissue engineering examines the combined impact of materials, advanced techniques and applications of engineered oral tissues. Easily share your publications and get them in front of issuus. This has led to a paradigm shift in endodontic treatment from simply filling the root canal systems with biologically inert materials to restoring the infected dental pulp with functional replacement tissues.
Mesenchymal stem cells mscs are now fully recognised as the principle cell population ultimately responsible for the synthesis of the collagenous connective tissue, including dentine and bone. Frontiers in bioscience e3, 788800, january 1, 2011. Dental pulp stem cells and tissue engineering strategies for. The standard treatment modality for teeth with irreversibly damaged dental pulp is root canal therapy, which involves complete removal of the soft tissue and. This approach could overcome one of the most common constraints in pulp regeneration strategies, namely the lack of perfusion at the periphery of newly implanted pulp tissue, which hinders fulllength pulp regeneration. With a strong focus on hard and soft intraoral tissues, the book looks at how biomaterials can be manipulated and engineered to create functional oral tissue for use in restorative dentistry, periodontics, endodontics and prosthodontics. In the current endodontic procedures, the infected pulp is removed and replaced by synthetic materials, resulting in physiologically nonvital teeth. In conclusion, natural materials, especially fibrin, proved to be superior compared to synthetic scaffolds regarding cell viability and dental pulplike tissue formation. Tissue engineering, an emerging popular domain of bioscience, is a multidisciplinary research area with the ultimate aim of restoring, maintaining, and regenerating damagedlost tissue with biologically engineered replacements. His research focuses on the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues and the behaviour and therapeutic use of dental pulp stem cells. Due to the great benefits that the use of dpscs can generate for the treatment of bone injuries and bone congenital malformations several in vitro studies have been conducted to investigate the potential use of dental pulp stem cells for bone tissue engineering applications. Dental pulp is an unmineralized oral tissue composed of soft connective tissue, vascular, lymphatic and nervous elements that occupies the central pulp cavity of each tooth.
Dental pulp from deciduous baby teeth, which are discarded after exfoliation, represents an advantageous source of young stem cells. For dentinpulp tissue engineering dental stem cells searched till. A novel strategy to engineer prevascularized fulllength. Dental pulp is a vital and vascularized tissue which provides formation, nutrition, protection, and restoration characteristics to teeth. Issuu is a digital publishing platform that makes it simple to publish magazines, catalogs, newspapers, books, and more online. Human premolar and impacted third molars were collected and disinfected. Cellfree approaches for dental pulp tissue engineering journal. Dental pulp and dentin tissue engineering and regeneration. Alginatehydroxyapatitebased nanocomposite scaffolds for. Regenerative dental procedures have a long history, originating around 1952.
Figure 2 from the application of tissue engineering to. Frontiers in bioscience e3, 788800, january 1, 2011 dental. The vitality of the dentin pulp complex, both during health and after injury, depends on pulp cell activity and the signaling processes that regulate the cells behavior. Sloan is professor in bone biology and tissue engineering and current vicedean of research and international at the school of dentistry, cardiff university, uk. Stem cell approaches to dental tissue engineering and regenerative dentistry a special issue journal published by hindawi regenerative dentistry is one branch of regenerative medicine aimed at replacing damaged oral tissues e. Study on culture of human dental pulp stem cells to apply.
Although dental pulp has been classified as a loose connective tissue, several unique properties such as the presence of odontoblasts, absence of histaminereleasing mast cells, tissue confinement in a hard cavity with little collateral circulation, and vascular access limited to the root apex are the features that distinguish pulp tissue from other connective tissues dummett and kopel 2002. Attempts to regenerate pulp tissue have been a long quest. The application of tissue engineering to regeneration of pulp and dentin in endodontics. Introduction recent advances in tissue engineering have dr awn scientists to test the possibility of tooth engineering and regeneration. Threedimensionalporous scaffolds of bone graft substitutes play a critical role in both cell targeting and transplantation strategies. The dental pulp is infiltrated by a network of blood vessels and nerve. The dental pulp has the characteristic of being exclusively the nonmineralized part of a mineralized tooth. Dentin pulp complex formation with optimal orientation for clinical application of regenerative therapy. Dental pulp tissue exposed to mechanical trauma or cariogenic process results in root canal andor periapical infections, and conventionally treated with root canal procedures. Dental pulp tissue engineering using mesenchymal stem. It is known that dental pulp stem cells have the potential to differentiate into several cell types, including odontoblasts, neural progenitors, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes. Dental pulp stem cells and tissue engineering strategies. Herein, we discuss the methods of deciduous teeth stem cell dtsc isolation and cultivation.
Contraction dynamics of dental pulp cell rod microtissues. Dental pulp tissue engineering and regenerative endodontic. Stem cells in dental pulp of deciduous teeth tissue. Advances in vital pulp therapy with pulp stemprogenitor cells might give impetus to regenerate dentin pulp complex without the removal of the whole pulp. Keywords dental pulp regeneration, dental tissue engineering, regenerative endodontics, scaff olds correspondence dr. Odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells.
With the advent of modern tissue engineering concept and the discovery of dental stem cells, regeneration of pulp and dentin has been tested. Tissue engineering is the science of design and manufacture of new tissues to replace lost parts because of. The tubular dentin pulp complex can be transplanted on the exposed or amputated pulp in the cavity. Tissue engineering can potentially solve this problem by enabling regeneration of a functional pulp tissue.
Escs are derived from the inner cell mass of the preimplantation blastocyst 14. The contraction of collagen gel matrix cultured with pulp cells for 14 days was significantly. Following the tissue engineering approach, this includes 1 a bioactive scaffold, 2 growth and differentiation factors from dentin, and 3 the recruitment of stem. Colleagues excellence american association of endodontists. Adv dent res 233 2011 scaffolds for dental pulp tissue engineering 335 i and iii, alginate, and chitosan rendered best results in terms of proliferation and mineralization activity on type i collagen. At present, the clinical treatment for dental caries is root canal therapy. Suitability of different natural and synthetic biomaterials. Seeding of human dental pulp stem cells in a biodegradable scaffold within the pulp chamber of a human tooth slice allows for the engineering of a tissue with cellularity similar to the dental pulp. Pdf dental pulp stem cells in regenerative dentistry.
Review article current advance and future prospects of tissue engineering approach to dentin pulp regenerative therapy tinggong, 1 boonchinheng, 1 edwardchinmanlo, 2 andchengfeizhang 1,3 comprehensive dental care, endodontics, faculty of dentistry, e university of. Dental pulp represents a promising and easily accessible source of mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. Present and future of tissue engineering scaffolds for dentin. Jcm free fulltext pulpdentin tissue healing response. Tissue engineering of dental pulp on type i collagen. Pisciolaro rl, duailibi mt, novo nf, juliano y, pallos d, yelick pc et al 2015 tooth tissue engineering. This method is a powerful tool for elucidating the processes of dental pulp tissue regeneration following implantation of mscs. In the current endodontic procedures, the infected pulp is removed and replaced by synthetic materials, resulting in physiologically nonvital teeth with high vulnerability to discoloration and fracture. Dental pulp tissue engineering in fulllength human root canals. Dental pulp is a connective tissue pocket dentistry. Odontoblasts are the most distinctive cells of the pulp. His research focuses on the repair and regeneration of mineralized tissues and the behaviour and therapeutic use of dental pulp. The choice of harvesting site might influence the cells abilities to modulate immunologic and inflammatory responses.
Tissue engineering and regeneration in dentistry wiley. Braz dent j 221 2011 dental pulp tissue engineering 3 introduction the dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue characterized by the presence. Biomaterials for oral and dental tissue engineering 1st edition. Nov 16, 2015 although dental pulp has been classified as a loose connective tissue, several unique properties such as the presence of odontoblasts, absence of histaminereleasing mast cells, tissue confinement in a hard cavity with little collateral circulation, and vascular access limited to the root apex are the features that distinguish pulp tissue from other connective tissues dummett and kopel 2002. Review article current advance and future prospects of. This terminates dentin formation and subsequent tooth maturation. The more recent regenerative endodontic procedure intends to achieve effective root canal disinfection and adequate pulp dentin tissue regeneration.
Conventional root canal therapy cleans and fills the pulp chamber with biologically inert material after destruction of the pulp due to dental caries, congenital deformity or trauma. Regenerative endodontics instead seeks to replace live tissue in the pulp chamber. Recent advances in biomaterial science and tissue engineering technology have greatly spurred the development of regenerative endodontics. Biological approaches toward dental pulp regeneration by. Pdf dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue that has a limited regeneration capacity due to anatomical arrangement and. Despite its exciting potential, experts agree it is premature to consider dental pulp stem cells as a source of. Figure 1 adjacent, indicates that by either weight or volume, the majority of pulp 7580% is water. This tissue is surrounded by a robust shelllike complex structure that includes dentin and enamel in the crown and cementum in the root. For tissue engineering strategies, the choice of an appropriate. Its manifold functions include providing tooth vitality and sensibility, keeping the dentin moisturized, exerting immune defense, and depositing reparative dentin as a protective mechanism against mechanical stimuli or bacterial noxa.
May 03, 2014 since the dental papilla is the precursor tissue for radicular pulp, it is possible that scap convert into dpsc, and therefore scap may constitute a population of earlier stem cells 40. Pdf download for scaffolds for dental pulp tissue engineering, open epub. Dental pulp tissue engineering is an emerging field that can potentially have a major impact on oral health. Furthermore, the chemotaxisbased approach, cell homing, is a novel idea for dental pulp tissue engineering and may offer a clinically translatable methodology. Review article current advance and future prospects of tissue. Dental pulp cell research might open a promising application in tooth tissue regeneration. Dental pulp tissues can be easily collected from clinically extracted human teeth and the individual cells can be enzymatically released from the pulp tissue gronthos et al. Regenerative endodontic by application tissue engineering.
Stem cell approaches to dental tissue engineering and. Many studies have investigated the use of human dental pulp stem cells and stem cells isolated from the dental pulp of human exfoliated deciduous teeth for bone tissue engineering in vivo. Notably, the pulp tissue engineered with shed injected with either. According to this study, the results were as follows. Dental pulp stem cells dpscs have been shown to be an excellent source for. To overcome the current unsolved problems of pulpdentin tissue regeneration, dental tissue engineering has adopted the use of various.
The pulp stem cells are transduced with bmp gene and attached to a defined scaffold to differentiate into odontoblasts. After external mechanical, chemical or bacterial stimulation, the odontoblasts located around the dental pulp and connected with the prophase dentin undergo degeneration, while hdpscs differentiate into odontoblasts, forming the restorative dentin, protecting the pulp, and playing the defensive function. The pulp tissue con tains stemprogenitor cells that potentially differentiate into odontoblasts in response to bone morphogenetic proteins bmps. A customized selfassembling peptide hydrogel for dental pulp. In vitro response of dental pulp stem cells in 3d scaffolds. Dental pulp is a highly vascularized, innervated, unmineralized connective tissue that occupies a chamber and long canal in the center of a semipermeable tissue. Implantation of dental pulp stem cells in a biodegradable.
Pdf basics of dentinpulp tissue engineering researchgate. Dpscs dental pulp stem cells 10 sheds stem cells from humanexfoliated deciduous teeth 11 pdlscs periodontal ligament stem cells 12. May 26, 2018 this method is a powerful tool for elucidating the processes of dental pulp tissue regeneration following implantation of mscs. The pulp is a part of the dentin pulp complex endodontium.
Recently, dental pulp has been shown to contain a stem cell niche consisting of dental pulp stem cells dpscs that maintain their selfrenewal capacity due to the active environment in the dental pulp of deciduous teeth. Bioactive cues can be adsorbed, fastened, or encapsulated in biomaterials. Dental pulp tissue engineering by empresa uniser issuu. The pulp is the part in the center of a tooth made up of living connective tissue and cells called odontoblasts. Moony and rutherford 68 led the first team that initiated the testing of pulp tissue engineering 11. The aim of this study is to establish a protocol for in vitro culture the human dental pulp stem cells to apply in tissue engineering. Pdf dental pulp tissue engineering jacques nor and. Thus, the development of improved vasculogenesis strategies is an important challenge in. Since the dental papilla is the precursor tissue for radicular pulp, it is possible that scap convert into dpsc, and therefore scap may constitute a population of earlier stem cells 40.
The clinical translation of stemcellbased dental pulp regeneration will require the use of injectable scaffolds. Pdf regeneration is reconstruction of a tissue with the shape and function. These scaffolds provide surfaces that facilitate the response of stem cells related to attachment, survival, migration, proliferation, and differentiation. After plating at a low density, dpscs are able to attach to the culture dish and form a single. Cultured human dental pulp and gingival fibroblasts adhere to biodegradable scaffolds, and proliferate and differentiate in vitro 5,6 and in vivo 7. Cellfree approaches for dental pulp tissue engineering. When transplanted in tooth slicescaffolds, these cells generate a pulplike tissue 24 and differentiate into functional odontoblasts and vascular endothelial cells. Minced pulp tissue has been used as a source of mesenchymal stem cells msc for tissue. Selecting most effective materials for dental pulp tissue. This treatment results in loss of tooth sensitivity and vitality. Current and future perspectives for dentinpulp tissue.
Chai, in biomaterials for oral and dental tissue engineering, 2017. Among these tissues, the dental pulp is considered a rich source of mesenchymal stem cells that are suitable for tissue engineering applications. T he tooth is a small but complex organ comprised of different mineralized matrices that enclose a soft connective tissue termed dental pulp. Dental caries affects approximately 90% of the worlds population. In addition, the synthetic materials currently utilized to replace lost tooth structure are not capable of completely replacing the function of the lost tissue, and often fail over time. Selecting most effective materials for dental pulp tissue engineering 23 august 2017 credit. Like the marketing of umbilical cord banking to pregnant women, dental pulp stem cell tissue banks have begun to market to dentists and the public.
Current and future views on pulpal tissue engineering. Dental pulp is the soft tissue located in the center of the tooth, and it is surrounded by dentin. The application of tissue engineering to regeneration of pulp and. Dental pulp tissue engineering may allow for the completion and reinforcement of the tooth structure, potentially enhancing the longterm outcome of these necrotic teeth. Table 1 from the application of tissue engineering to. Tissue engineering is the science of design and manufacture of new tissues to replace lost parts because of diseases including cancer and trauma. Pulp stem cells can be readily harvested from dental pulp tissue of extracted permanent teeth and exfoliated deciduous teeth, respectively.
Research advances in tissue regeneration by dental pulp stem. The dental pulp pdf biology pathology and regenerative. Injury or infection of adult dental pulp often necessitates root canal therapy. Dental pulp mscs are heterogeneous in nature, partly due to the prediction that they fall into a hierarchical order of cell types that is seen in so. Polymeric scaffolds for dental pulp tissue engineering. Regenerative endodontics is the extension of root canal therapy. Dental pulp is a highly specialized mesenchymal tissue that has a limited regeneration capacity due to anatomical arrangement and postmitotic nature of odontoblastic cells. The application of tissue engineering to regeneration of. Dental pulp tissue engineering using cells from pulp tissues was first tested by mooneys groups, who obtained fibroblasts from human adult dental pulps and multiplied them in culture. A customized selfassembling peptide hydrogel for dental pulp tissue engineering. The use of human dental pulp stem cells for in vivo bone.
1023 1233 1156 1032 1014 1129 112 922 1450 60 260 1279 1178 772 1140 443 1059 820 1419 286 1042 317 442 603 1158 930 1207 1524 453 1183 1464 1175 309 4 610 343 1321 1088 547